Which provider type operates out of network with insurance companies?

The correct answer identifies a non-participating provider, which refers to a healthcare provider that does not have a contract or agreement with a specific insurance company to provide services at negotiated rates. These providers are not part of the insurer's network, meaning that they do not accept the insurance company’s reimbursement rates, and patients who choose to use these providers may have to pay higher out-of-pocket costs.

Non-participating providers can provide care to patients with insurance, but the payment structure is generally different. Patients may be reimbursed a lower percentage of the cost when they see these providers, and they often are responsible for paying the provider's full billed charges initially before seeking reimbursement from their insurance.

In contrast, participating providers have agreements with the insurance companies to provide services at agreed-upon rates, while a primary care provider is a specific type of physician who serves as the initial point of contact for patients. An advanced practice registered nurse is a qualified nurse who, depending on state law, can provide various healthcare services, but their network participation would depend on specific agreements with insurance companies.