All of the following are components of resource costs EXCEPT:

In the context of healthcare billing and reimbursement models, resource costs typically refer to the expenses incurred by a practice to deliver care, which encompasses physician work, practice expenses, and professional liability insurance.

Physician work includes the time and expertise of healthcare providers directly involved in patient care. Practice expenses cover operational costs such as facility maintenance, equipment, staffing, and overhead. Professional liability insurance is essential for protecting healthcare providers against legal claims, thus representing a necessary component of the financial framework in medical practice.

Patient education, while an important and beneficial aspect of healthcare aimed at enhancing patient understanding and adherence to treatment plans, does not typically fall under the category of direct resource costs. It is often categorized more under quality improvement efforts or patient engagement initiatives, which, while valuable, are not direct costs associated with the provision of medical services in the same way that the other components are considered. Therefore, it is correctly identified as the exception in this context.